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René Descartes (1596 -1650) was a French mathematician, scientist and philosopher. Dubbed the father of modern philosophy, Descartes formulated the modern version of the mind–body problem and offered a new vision of the natural world. "Cogito ergo sum" is the Cartesian best known philosophical statement which means "I think, therefore I am" (French: Je pense, donc je suis). Having demolished all his beliefs in the First Meditation, Descartes asks himself if there are some self-evident beliefs he can rely upon. Descartes rejects the senses as the foundation for knowledge, but he does not doubt his existence as a thinking thing. Descartes concludes that he cannot be nothing while he is thinking, therefore he exists. He is certain about this claim, because it is a product of vivid and clear idea implanted by God in him.